LTL

Ltl                   

Less than truckload shipping or less than load LTL is the transportation of relatively small freight.

Acronym	Definition
LTL	Low Traffic Load
LTL	Local Transmission Line
LTL	Lighter than Truckload
LTL	Let's Talk Later

There are several different perspectives as to what is actually considered LTL. Full Truck Load carriers can put anywhere from 2 to 6 different people's shipments on a trailer and since each shipment is technically less than a truckload they would consider that to be LTL. He main advantage to using an LTL carrier is that a shipment may be transported for a fraction of the cost of hiring an entire truck and trailer for an exclusive shipment. Also a number of accessory services are available from LTL carriers which are not typically offered by FTL carriers. Shippers with enough volume of LTL freight may choose to use a full truckload carrier to move the freight directly to a break-bulk facility of an LTL carrier. Both LTL carriers and XL parcel carriers are similar in the fact that they both use a network of hubs and terminals to deliver freight. Delivery times by both types of service providers are not directly dependent upon the distance between shipper and consignee. LTL freight usually takes up less than 12 linear feet of the trailer, and since the typical pallet measures 40” x 48”, 6 pallets arranged side-by-side would take up exactly 12' of linear space on each side of the trailer. Truckload: A full truckload shipment can range from 24 to 30 pallets and up. LTL Less Than Truckload LTL shipping stands for less than truckload, meaning that the shipment will not take up an entire truck. Example if your shipment only takes up one third of the space on the truck you only pay for one-third of the truck. Where the freight will be further sorted and consolidated for additional transporting also known as line hauling. In most cases the end of line terminals employ local drivers who start the day by loading up their trailers and heading out to make deliveries first. When the trailer is empty, they begin making pickups and return to the terminal for sorting and delivery next day. Because of the efficiency of this order of operations, most deliveries are performed in the morning and pickups are made in the afternoon.

How to solve the proportion.

How to solve the proportion.

Proportion says that two ratio (or fractions) are equal.

Example:

1\3 is equal to 2/6

So 1-out-of-3 is equal to 2-out-of-6

The ratios are the same, so they are in proportion.

Example: Rope

A rope's length and weight are in proportion.

When 20m of rope weighs 1kg, then:

·         40m of that rope weighs 2kg

How to solve the proportion.

Proportion says that two ratio (or fractions) are equal.

Example:

1\3 is equal to 2/6

So 1-out-of-3 is equal to 2-out-of-6

The ratios are the same, so they are in proportion.

Example: Rope

A rope's length and weight are in proportion.

When 20m of rope weighs 1kg, then:

·         40m of that rope weighs 2kg

·         200m of that rope weighs 10kg

Sizes

When shapes are "in proportion" their relative sizes are the same.

Here we see that the ratios of head length to body length are the same in both drawings. So they are proportional. Making the head too long or short would look bad!

Working With Proportions

NOW, how do we use this?

Example: you want to draw the dog's head ... how long should it be?

Let us write the proportion with the help of the 10/20 ratio from above:

?/42 = 10/20

Using Proportions to Solve Percents

A percent is actually a ratio! Saying "25%" is actually saying "25 per 100":

25% = 25/100

We can use proportions to solve questions involving percents.

The trick is to put what we know into this form:

Part/Whole = Percen/t100

We can also use cross products to find a missing term in a proportion. Here's an example. In a horror movie featuring a giant beetle, the beetle appeared to be 50 feet long. However, a model was used for the beetle that was really only 20 inches long. A 30-inch tall model building was also used in the movie. How tall did the building seem in the movie?

First, write the proportion, using a letter to stand for the missing term. We find the cross products by multiplying 20 times x, and 50 times 30. Then divide to find x. Study this step closely, because this is a technique we will use often in algebra. We are trying to get our unknown number, x, on the left side of the equation, all by itself. Since x is multiplied by 20, we can use the "inverse" of multiplying, which is dividing, to get rid of the 20. We can divide both sides of the equation by the same number, without changing the meaning of the equation. When we divide both sides by 20, we find that the building will appear to be 75 feet tall.

Note that we're using the inverse of multiplying by 20-that is, dividing by 20, to get x alone on one side.

HOW TO ADD FRACTIONS WITH DIFFERENT DENOMINATORS

When the fractions that you want to add have different denominators, there are a few different ways you can do it. Here, you’ll learn the easy way, then a quick trick that works in a few special cases, and finally, the traditional way.

ADD FRACTIONS THE EASY WAY

At some point in your life, some teacher somewhere told you these golden words of wisdom: “You can’t add two fractions with different denominators.” Your teacher was wrong! You can use the easy way when the numerators and denominators are small (say, 15 or under).

Here’s the way to do it:

1.   Cross-multiply the two fractions and add the results together to get the numerator of the answer.

Suppose you want to add the fractions 1/3 and 2/5. To get the numerator of the answer, cross-multiply. In other words, multiply the numerator of each fraction by the denominator of the other:

1 5 = 5

2 3 = 6

Add the results to get the numerator of the answer:

5 + 6 = 11

2.   Multiply the two denominators together to get the denominator of the answer.

To get the denominator, just multiply the denominators of the two fractions:

3 5 = 15

The denominator of the answer is 15.

3.   Write your answer as a fraction.

When you add fractions, you sometimes need to reduce the answer that you get. Here’s an example:

Because the numerator and the denominator are both even numbers, you know that the fraction can be reduced. So try dividing both numbers by 2:

This fraction can’t be reduced further, so 37/40 is the final answer.

In some cases, you may have to add more than one fraction. The method is similar, with one small tweak.

1.   Start out by multiplying the numerator of the first fraction by thedenominators of all the other fractions.

(1 5 7) = 35

2.   Do the same with the second fraction and add this value to the first.

35 + (3 2 7) = 35 + 42

3.   Do the same with the remaining fraction(s).

35 + 42 + (4 2 5) = 35 + 42 + 40 = 117

When you’re done, you have the numerator of the answer.

4.   To get the denominator, just multiply all the denominators together:

You may need to reduce or change an improper fraction to a mixed number. In this example, you just need to change to a mixed number:

ADD FRACTIONS WITH THE QUICK TRICK METHOD

You can’t always use this method, but you can use it when one denominator is a multiple of the other. Look at the following problem:

First, solve it the easy way:

Those are some big numbers, and you’re still not done because the numerator is larger than the denominator. The answer is an improper fraction. Worse yet, the numerator and denominator are both even numbers, so the answer still needs to be reduced.

With certain fraction addition problems, there is a smarter way to work. The trick is to turn a problem with different denominators into a much easier problem with the same denominator.

Before you add two fractions with different denominators, check the denominators to see whether one is a multiple of the other. If it is, you can use the quick trick:

1.   Increase the terms of the fraction with the smaller denominator so that it has the larger denominator.

Look at the earlier problem in this new way:

As you can see, 12 divides into 24 without a remainder. In this case, you want to raise the terms of 11/12 so that the denominator is 24:

To fill in the question mark, the trick is to divide 24 by 12 to find out how the denominators are related; then multiply the result by 11:

? = (24 ÷ 12) 11 = 22

2.   Rewrite the problem, substituting this increased version of the fraction, and add.

Now you can rewrite the problem this way:

As you can see, the numbers in this case are much smaller and easier to work with. The answer here is an improper fraction; changing it into a mixed number is easy:

ADD FRACTIONS THE TRADITIONAL WAY

Use the traditional way only when you can’t use either of the other methods (or when you know the least common multiple (LCM) just by looking at the denominators).

Here’s the traditional way to add fractions with two different denominators:

1.   Find the LCM of the two denominators.

Suppose you want to add the fractions 3/4 + 7/10. First find the LCM of the two denominators, 4 and 10. Here’s how to find the LCM using the multiplication table method:

o    Multiples of 10: 10, 20, 30, 40

o    Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20

So the LCM of 4 and 10 is 20.

2.   Increase the terms of each fraction so that the denominator of each equals the LCM.

Increase each fraction to higher terms so that the denominator of each is 20.

3.   Substitute these two new fractions for the original ones and add.

At this point, you have two fractions that have the same denominator:

When the answer is an improper fraction, you still need to change it to a mixed number: