Doctor Muhammad Allama Iqbal

 

Muhammad Iqbal was born in November 9 1877. Allama Iqbal was a poet philosopher and politician as well as an academic barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is called the Spiritual father of Pakistan. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages. In much of South Asia and the Urdu speaking world Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq (Poet of the East) He is also called Mufakkir-e-Pakistan (The Thinker of Pakistan) Musawar-e-Pakistan (Artist of Pakistan) and Hakeem-ul-Ummat (The Sage of the Ummah). This gave him the strength and ability to become the thinker of Pakistan. Iqbal saw western philosophy not as a fear but as a guide. He saw the decay of Muslim hope in the sub-continent and he wanted them to acquire modern education and adopt western philosophy. He understood the superiority of intuition over intellect. Iqbal created a sense of unity among the Muslims and made them realize what wonder they can do with that unity. He time and again emphasized on the importance of education. He convinced Muslims to acquire modern education if they want to compete with the Hindus and the British. This is why Iqbal also set up much educational institution in India for Muslims. Iqbal was the thinker philosopher and a true guide of Pakistan and his absence is still felt today after many years. The Pakistan government officially named him a (national poet) His birthday’ Iqbal Day is a public holiday in Pakistan. In India he is also remembered as the author of the popular song Saare Jahaan Se Achcha. Iqbal’s father Sheikh Noor Muhammad died 1930 was a tailor not formally educated but a religious man. Iqbal's mother Imam Bibi was a polite and humble woman who helped the poor and solved the problems of neighbors. She died on 9 November 1914 in Sialkot. Iqbal loved his mother and on her death he expressed his feelings of pathos in a poetic form elegy. Iqbal was four years old when he was admitted to the masjid to learn the Quran. He learned the Arabic language from his teacher Syed Mir Hassan the head of the madrassa and professor of Arabic language at Scotch Mission College in Sialkot where he matriculated in 1893. He received Intermediate with the Faculty of Arts diploma from Murray College Sialkot in 1895. The same year he enrolled at the Government College Lahore where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts in philosophy English literature and Arabic in 1897 and won the Khan Bahadurddin F.S. Jalaluddin medal as he took higher numbers in Arabic class. In 1899 he received his Masters of Arts degree from the same college and had the first place in Punjab University Lahore. Iqbal was influenced by the teachings of Sir Thomas Arnold his philosophy teacher at Government College Lahore. Arnold's teachings determined Iqbal to pursue higher education in the West, and in 1905 he traveled to England for that purpose. Iqbal qualified for a scholarship from Trinity College University of Cambridge and obtained Bachelor of Arts in 1906 and in the same year he was called to the bar as a barrister from Lincoln's Inn. In 1907 Iqbal moved to Germany to pursue his doctoral studies and earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1908. Working under the guidance of Friedrich Hommel Iqbal's doctoral thesis entitled The Development of Metaphysics in Persia was published. During Iqbal's stay in Heidelberg in 1907 his German teacher Emma Wegenast taught him about Goethe's Faust Heine and Nietzsche. During his study in Europe, Iqbal began to write poetry in Persian. He prioritized it because he believed he had found an easy way to express his thoughts. He would write continuously in Persian throughout his life. Iqbal married three times in 1895 while studying Bachelor of Arts he had his first marriage with Karim Bibi the daughter of physician Khan Bahadur Ata Muhammad Khan the maternal grandfather of director and music composer Khwaja Khurshid Anwar through an arranged marriage. They had daughter Miraj Begum and son Aftab Iqbal. Later Iqbal's second marriage was with Sardar Begum Mother of Javid Iqbal and his third marriage was with Mukhtar Begum in December 1914. In 1933 after returning from a trip to Spain and Afghanistan Iqbal suffered from a mysterious throat illness. Iqbal ceased practicing law in 1934 and was granted a pension by the Nawab of Bhopal. In his final years he frequently visited the Dargah of famous Sufi Hazrat Ali Hujwiri in Lahore for spiritual guidance. After suffering for months from his illness Iqbal died in Lahore on 21 April 1938.His tomb is located in Hazuri Bagh the enclosed garden between the entrance of the Badshahi Mosque and the Lahore Fort and official guards are provided by the Government of Pakistan. Iqbal is commemorated widely in Pakistan where he is regarded as the ideological founder of the state. His birthday is annually commemorated in Pakistan as Iqbal Day a national holiday. Iqbal is the namesake of many public institutions, including the Allama Iqbal Campus Punjab University in Lahore the Allama Iqbal Medical College in Lahore, Iqbal Stadium in Faisalabad Allama Iqbal Open University in Pakistan the Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore the Allama Iqbal hall in Nishtar Medical College in Multan Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town in Karachi Allama Iqbal Town in Lahore and Allama Iqbal Hall at Aligarh Muslim University in India. Allama Iqbal was the pioneer of Urdu poetry. Even today Allama Iqbal Poetry is an inspiration for youth of Pakistan. Allama Iqbal was the one who dreamed of Pakistan. Stating Allama Iqbal the Godfather of Urdu Poetry will not be wrong at all

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